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Kafr Lam ((アラビア語:كفر لام)) was a Palestinian Arab village located 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Haifa on the Mediterranean coast. The name of the village was shared with that of an Islamic fort constructed there early on in the period of Arab Caliphate rule (638-1099 CE) in Palestine. To the Crusaders, both the fort and the village, which they controlled for some time in the 13th century, were known as Cafarlet. Kafr Lam was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. While the village was largely destroyed, some of its former structures and their ruins can be seen in the Israeli moshav of HaBonim, established on the lands of Kafr Lam in 1949. ==History== According to the Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi, the town of Kafr Lam was established near Qisarya by the Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn ´Abd al-Malik (A.D. 724-743).〔Mu'jam Al-Buldan, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p.170〕〔leStrange, 1890, (p.470 )〕 The fort, constructed in the ''castra'' form, was erected during early Abbasid, or late Umayyad rule to guard against invasion from the Byzantine empire.〔Nicolle and Hook, 2008, pp. (27 )-29.〕〔Petersen, 1996, p. 231.〕〔Boas, 1999, p. 98.〕 Kfar Lam was a fiefdom of the lord of Caesarea during the Crusader era in Palestine, and was known at this time as Cafarlet.〔〔 In 1200 Kafr Lam, under the name of ''Kafarletum'', was mentioned as a fief, held by Soquerius al-Shuwayki, from the Lords of Caesarea, Aymar de Lairon.〔Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. ( 205 ), # 768; cited in Pringle, 2009, pp. ( 241 )-2〕 In October 1213, Aymar de Lairon, pledged the ''casalia'' of Cafarlet and two fiefdoms as surety for a debt of 1,000 besants he had taken from the Hospitallers.〔Bronstein, 2005, p. ( 48 )〕〔Röhricht, 1893, RHH, pp. ( 232 )-3, # 866; cited in Pringle, 2009, p. ( 242 )〕 In 1232, the Casal of Cafarlet was sold to the Hospitallers for 16,000 Saracen besants, its increased value due to its having been fortified after a raid on the lordship of Caesarea by troops from Damascus in 1227.〔 The Hospitallers transferred ownership over Carfalet to the Templars in 1255.〔Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. ( 324 ), # 1233; cited in Pringle, 1997, p. ( 58 ) and Pringle, 2009, p. ( 242 )〕 In 1262 the final exchange of the land of Kafr Lam took place between the Templars and the Hospitallers, leaving Kafr Lam under Templar control.〔Röhricht, 1893, RHH, pp. (344 )-5, # 1319;; cited in Pringle, 2009, p. ( 242 )〕 The village was captured by Muslim forces in 1265, but retaken by the Crusaders shortly thereafter. In 1291, it was taken by the Mamluks, who ruled over it from that time until the expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Palestine in the early sixteenth century.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kafr Lam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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